English 1st: Paragraph
1. Our College Library
A library is integral part the educational system. We are very happy to have a large library at our school. The library at our college is an excellent attraction to us. The saying goes that libraries are an archive of knowledge that helps a person fill his thirst for knowledge of the world of unknown. The library at our college also has an impressive collection of books covering a variety of areas, such as novels, fictions and story books, poetry books autobiographies, plays and periodicals, all organized according to a logical order inside our beautifully decorated library. The books on sports and religion are also available. Our library in the college is situated in the second level of the academic building. In the library is a well-equipped reading room for students and teachers. A pin drop silence reigns in the reading area. An efficient and highly qualified librarian is in charge of the activities in the library. He is supported by three assistants who are highly skilled in locating books for readers. There is a tranquil peace, tranquil and peaceful ambience at the library. Library books are issued on library cards. In actual fact, our university library is an integral part of the college experience.
2. Environment pollution
Environment pollution refers to the destruction of the basic elements of the environment such as soil, water, air and the normal structure of the organism. In other words, if the environment becomes uninhabitable for animals, it is called environment pollution. The environment is being polluted due to human negligence and lavishness. Environment pollution is mainly due to two reasons. One is the natural causes, such as storms, floods, tidal waves, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc. The second is man-made which is artificial, such as water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, radioactive pollution, etc. Industrial wastes, toxic fumes from vehicles, etc are mixing in the air and polluting the environment. As a result of various fossil fuels, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is increasing. The water of rivers, seas, ponds and canals of the world is getting polluted every day. Industrial wastes, chemicals used in crop lands etc. are poisoning the water. Soil pollution is increasing due to unplanned urbanization, frequent dumping of garbage, use of toxic chemicals in land etc. In addition, loud car horns, indiscriminate use of mics, loud noises of factory equipment, etc. are the main causes of noise pollution. All in all, environmental pollution is now widespread. According to Bangladesh, the level of pollution in third world countries is even more alarming. The world’s climate is changing as a result of environmental pollution. The global temperature is constantly rising due to the greenhouse effect. The prevalence of various types of incurable diseases is increasing. Today, the environment of the whole world is under threat due to pollution. Our awareness is the key to protecting the environment. Reduce the use of fossil fuels and find renewable energy sources to ensure its proper use. The environment should be filled with greenery by planting lots of plants. Besides, public awareness activities should be conducted to prevent environmental pollution.
3. A Railway Station
A railway station is a place where trains regularly stops to take in and set down passengers and goods. It is marked by a platform or platforms and a main buildings. It also marked by a few signboards with the name of the station inscribed on them. There are some other minor buildings and sheds quite close to the main building. The main building provides accommodation for offices of the Station. Master and the Assistant station Master, the booking offices and waiting rooms for passengers. A small station has only few tracks and waiting room for passengers. But a big ones have many tracks and a number of platforms. The platforms at important stations are more raised than those at less important ones. An important station is always very busy place and almost always crowded. At such a station there are refreshment room and large waiting rooms Small stations have only small tea stalls and usually no waiting room for upper class passengers. At a station there are signal to regulate the running trains. A railway plat form is a place of din and bustle. Most time people are seen in groups sitting 2around their belongings talking or laughing themselves. Hawkers with their goods, scattered is a common sight. They are found crying out with shrill voice to sell their goods. Another common sight is that of many beggars with different looks begging alms. A railway station presents different pictures at different times. Sometimes it is calm and quiet. But with the arrival of a train it became a place of noise and bustle. Passengers are then seen hurrying about in search of their compartments or any convenient compartment. Porters rush forward carrying loads of luggage’s. The station guards are seen standing on the platform to show signals with green or red flags. In a railway station generally a book stall is seen in a corner. Various types of books, magazines and newspapers are sold there. Thus the importance of a railway station needs no telling. It is a duty of all to keep the station clean and chaos free.
4. Traffic Jam
The obstruction of the movement of vehicles creating the clogging of many vehicles is known as a traffic jam. It is created when there is a huge amount of vehicles on a road than its capacity. It is a common problem in our country found in different megacities. Dhaka, Chattagram, Gazipur, Narayanganj, Khulna cities are seriously affected by traffic jams. The causes of traffic jams are poor transport management, violation of traffic rules, lack of roads and highways, unplanned development, maintenance works done on the roads, etc. Where Bangladesh is an overpopulated country, its roads and highways have not been modernized according to the demand. So the roads have become insufficient and cannot accommodate a large number of vehicles and their movements. Besides the roads are narrow in size and too much zig-zag which makes the movement of vehicles slower. Again the mentality of crossing vehicles to go faster leads to violation of traffic rules and the situation becomes more problematic. General people suffer a lot for the lack of coordination in road management and development works done by the government. The careless attitude of drivers, fitness-less public transport and parking space insufficiency in the cities make the situation worsen. For traffic jams, life in the city has turned into horrible nightmares. Many people fail to attend their office on time. The students, workers, employees, rickshaw pullers, and drivers suffer a lot from the slow speed toward their destination. The worst sufferers are the dying patient who needs emergency treatment heading toward the hospital but are stuck in a traffic jam. Construction of new or alternative roads and effective projects must be taken to make cities free from traffic jams.
5. A Street Hawker
A man who sells various things by moving from street to street is a street hawker. He is a self-employed person. He is the familiar figure in the cities and towns. He raises a strange outcry to draw the attention of his customers .He wears a peculiar dress of different colours. He tries to attract the attention of the customers by using different tricks. He carries his goods either in bundles or in a basket. Sometimes he walks about with his good
s on a wheeled platform. His customers are usually children and women. As they credulous they agree to pay whatever price he demands. So He does not like elderly men. He usually sells toys, Cosmetics, ready-made garments, daily necessaries, utensils and balloons of various colours and shapes. Children gather round him and woman hail him. He is a clever man. He goes out his moving shop when the elderly people are out on duty or business. He demands higher price for his things but he sells his things at a cheaper rate. However he is an expected person for some people. Although he works hard, his life is miserable. All most all the time he leads a subhuman life.
6. Child Labour
Child Labour is the broad term under which we can fit the attempt to rob a child of their childhood. It snatches from the child their untapped potential and only harnesses very little of the energy that the child possesses. It is harmful to the child and stunts their mental as well as physical development. It surely scars the child for life. It is an immoral practice and tampers with the development process of the child. The child is left scarred for life. The amount of emotional pressure it puts on them is unimaginable. The other children who work in the same facility are also subjected to tremendous violence and are kept in unfavorable conditions. Since they grow up looking at these atrocities, they become harmful adults too. A large section of these child labourers is found to be of unsound mind when they grow up. Some of them may even turn out to be criminals. So the impact of living in such conditions is massive. The repercussions of being in such an environment are traumatizing, to say the least. It interferes with the proper education procedure that these children deserve to get. Their schooling is often stopped midway. Pushed into the harsh world, the child finds it difficult to cope—the forms of child labour include any form of slavery-like bonded labour and the likes of it. Child sexual abuse also stems from such claustrophobic situations. These child labourers are often made to beg on the streets. They are trained for this in such a way that no one would be able to understand that they aren’t actually beggars. These children are out in harsh conditions and often have to work inhuman hours. They aren’t given proper food, and the payment is minimal too. Child labour has been banned in several countries. The Indian Government has time and again tried to curb the extent of child labour but all to vain. This happens mostly due to the problems that the household faces.
7. Price Hike
A price hike refers to an increase in the cost of goods and services over a period of time. It is a common phenomenon in most economies, and it can occur for various reasons. In most cases, a price hike is triggered by factors such as inflation, a rise in production costs, or an increase in demand for the products or services in question. The effects of a price hike can be felt across the board, from individuals to businesses and even governments. When prices rise, consumers feel the impact immediately. They are forced to pay more for the same products or services they used to purchase at lower prices. This, in turn, affects their purchasing power and may result in a reduction in their standard of living. The ripple effects of a price hike are felt in many sectors, including housing, food, transportation, and education. These essential sectors are directly linked to the cost of living, and any increase in their prices affects the majority of people. Price hikes also affect businesses, especially those that rely on imported goods or raw materials. For instance, if the cost of oil increases, the price of transportation also increases. This increase in transportation costs leads to an increase in the price of goods and services. In some cases, businesses may be forced to pass the cost increase onto their customers, which can lead to a decrease in sales. Governments are also affected by price hikes, as they are responsible for maintaining a stable economy. When prices rise, the government may be forced to increase taxes or print more money, which can result in inflation. Inflation can lead to a decrease in the value of money and may ultimately result in a decrease in economic growth. The price hike is a significant challenge faced by individuals, businesses, and governments. It is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive solution. Governments must work towards creating policies that can help control the rate of inflation, while businesses must find ways to reduce their production costs. As consumers, we must be aware of the factors that lead to price hikes and be prepared to adapt to the changing economic environment.
English 1st: Completing Stories
1. Nobody Believes a Liar
Once, there was a cowboy. He kept a flock of cows near a forest. He used to tell lies and often befooled others by telling lies. One day, he wanted to have fun with the villagers. So he began to cry, uttering “Tiger” and “Tiger” just to make fun. The farmers working in the field came to save him. When they came, the cowboy laughed. The villagers felt peeved and came back with an air of anger. They decided not to be fooled by him anymore. The farmers went back to their work.
In this way, he made fun of and befooled the people working around him almost every day. Unfortunately, one day, the tiger really came there. Now the boy shouted and cried, ‘Tiger’; as loud as he could. But nobody came to help him out. The farmers heard his cry but nobody came to rescue him. They thought that the boy was just making fun. However, the tiger killed the cowboy. The tiger attacked the boy. The boy struggled hard to save himself, but within a few minutes, the beast killed him.
So the moral of the story is, ‘Nobody believes a liar’.
2. Failures are but Pillars of Success
Once, there lived a good king in Scotland. His name was Robert Bruce. He loved his country and his subjects very dearly. His subjects also had a deep love and respect for him. But the English King Edward-I was extremely against the freedom of Scotland. As a result, a battle took place between Robert the Bruce and the English Army. Unfortunately, he was defeated and driven away from his kingdom.
He took shelter in a cave. To regain his kingdom, he fought several times against his enemies. But, all his efforts were in vain. He lost many of his trusted and brave soldiers.
A wave of bloodshed, the execution of Scottish armies, and a series of failures made Robert Bruce too disheartened and unhappy. He was about to lose hope.
One day, Bruce, the king of Scotland, was lying in his cave thinking of his misfortunes. Suddenly, he found a spider spinning a web and trying to reach the roof of the cave. The spider failed its first attempt but did not give up. It tried again and again with new vigor after falling once. At last, after the seventh effort, it found success.
The perseverance of the tiny spider inspired Robert Bruce to shake off the darkness of his desperation. He started gathering the army with new hope. He attacked the English garrison with his full forces and achieved victory.
Learning from a tiny creature, Robert Bruce was able to drive out his enemies and restored the Scottish monarchy.
The above story of Robert Bruce teaches us a moral lesson that ‘Failure is the Pillar of Success.’
3. Honesty of a Rickshaw Puller
Abdul Karim is a rickshaw puller. He is very poor. Every day, he has to work hard to maintain his family. One day, while he was pulling a rickshaw, a gentleman got on his rickshaw. The man reached the destination and paid him the fare. But at the time of putting his wallet into his pocket, it dropped inside the rickshaw. The man went away. Then Karim discovered the wallet in his rickshaw. He at once understood that the wallet might be his previous passenger’s. He thought that the man was, no doubt, going to get into the office.
Abdul Karim ran to the office, keeping his rickshaw in front of a shop, requesting the shopkeeper to watch it. He was looking for the man. Then he saw the man inside the office. He stretched his hand with the purse towards the man. The man put his hand into his pocket but found nothing. He realized the accident and became pleased with Abdul Karim. The man wanted to give him some money, but Abdul Karim refused. He said, “If I have done any benefit to you, God will reward me.” The above story teaches us a moral lesson that ‘Honesty is the Best Policy.’
4. Truthfulness of Hazrat Abdul Quadir Zilani {R)
Hazrat Abdul Quader was a famous religious figure in Islam. He was born in Jilan, Iraq. His father died even before his birth. His mother decided to send him to Baghdad with a view to educating him there. She was very pious and taught him many important and religious things. At that time, the roads were unsafe, and often gangs of robbers fell upon the travelers and plundered their belongings and money. At the time of sending, his mother sewed forty gold coins in his shirt and advised him never to tell a lie. The boy left for Baghdad with a caravan of merchants, but on their way, a gang of robbers fell upon them and looted their money. One of the robbers said that the small boy might have something with him. The gang leader said that perhaps the boy had nothing with him.
Boy Abdul Quader spoke out, “No, no, I have forty gold coins sewn in my shirt.” The leader felt surprised and said, “You might not have disclosed the fact.” The boy said, “Mother has advised me never to tell a lie even in danger.” The robbers felt ashamed of their deeds and gave up the robbery.
The above story of Hazrat Abdul Quadir Zilani (R) reminds us of the proverb that – ‘Honest men fear neither the light nor the dark.’
5. The Lion and the Lamb
A lion was drinking water from a brook. It was a hot summer day. At the same time, a lamb was also taking water from the downstream of the same brook. The lion saw the lamb and wanted to devour him. As a result, he was about how to accomplish his evil design.
At last, he hit upon a plan. The lion accused that the lamb was disturbing him by mudding water. But the lamb tried to refute the accusation that he was taking wafer from downstream. So the question of mudding water on his part did not arise.
On the contrary, the lamb replied that it was the lion who was mudding water for him (lamb) as he was drinking water from upstream. Then the lion retorted that perhaps his father was mudding water for him in the last year. Saying this, the lion attacked the lamb and killed him.
The above story reminds us of the proverb that – Any excuse is good enough for a wicked for a wicked person.’
6. An Ant and a Dove
Once there lived an ant and a dove in a forest. They were passing their days very cheerfully. But they did not know each other. One day the ant became very thirsty and started looking for water to drink. Beside the forest, there was a small river. The ant went to the bank of the river and try to drink water. All on a sudden, a strong flow swift it away. It falls into real trouble and was about to die.
At that time a dove was singing sitting on the branch of a tree. It noticed the helpless condition of the ant. It felt pity for the ant and left a leaf on the water. The ant climbed onto the leaf. The dove flew down and took the leaf over water and drop it on the ground. At last, the ant became safe. After that, the ant and the dove became a good friend.
A few days later, a hunter came to the forest and found the dove on the same tree. He aimed his bow to the dove. At that time the ant noticed everything. It spotted there as soon as possible and bit severely on the foot of the hunter. Being bitten by the ant the hunter could not shoot the arrow right target. As a result, the dove could fly away. Thus, the ant repaid its owe to the dove.
From this story, we learn that we should be kind to all of the creatures and come forward to the helpless at the time of distress or trouble.
7. The Greedy Farmer and His Wonderful Goose/Grasp All, Lose All
Once there lived a poor man in a village. He had a peculiar goose which laid a golden egg everyday. The poor man earned his livelihood by selling the egg every day in the market. With this money the farmer did not become a very rich man but was solvent enough to run his family in a respectable way. Now he was living a happy life with his family. But the farmer was not satisfied with the money and solvency he got. He became more ambitious and wanted to be a rich man soon.
The farmer became Greedier. He wanted to be a rich man all on a sudden. So he wanted to get all the golden eggs at a time. With all the golden eggs he wanted to be a rich man whose name and fame would spread far and wide. He thought if he killed the goose, he would get all the golden eggs at a time and would become a rich man overnight. He made a decision to kill the goose in order to execute his planning.
The farmer talked to his wife regarding this, His wife got angry hearing about the destructive planning of the farmer. His wife warned the farmer that he would lose everything by killing the goose. But the farmer was adamant and he would go on with the plan. As a result, he was worried whether he should kill the goose. At last, he yielded to temptation.
But he could not resist his temptation. He took a knife one morning. His wife tried heart and soul to prevent him from killing the goose. But he did not listen to her and opened the stomach of the goose. But he found nothing in the stomach. Then he was deeply shocked. He cried- aloud, “Alas!
What have I done; I have destroyed my fortune. My gree
d has destroyed my life. Now the sorrows and frustration of the greedy farmer knew no bounds. His greed again made him å poor, hopeless and hapless man.
The above story reminds us of the proverb that – ‘Greed destroys good fortune.’
8. King Midas and His Golden Touch
Once upon a time there was a king called Midas. He was extremely fond of gold. Although he had a lot of it, he wanted more. He thought if he had the golden touch, he would be the happiest man in the world. Then and there the wish god granted his wish. One day while he was sitting in the garden, an apple fell from the tree, lie touched it and instantly the apple turned-into gold. He became so glad and went to the palace. He embraced his daughter in joy but instant the girl turned into gold. Whatever he touched turned into gold. The King hated his golden touch so much that he sprinkled even the chairs and the tables and everything else that the fairy’s gift had turned to gold.
Then he again prayed to the wish god to take away the golden touch. Kind wish god granted the king’s prayer and lifted from him the golden touch. King Midas took the princess again into his lap. She became normal. Then Midas gave up his greed. He realize always think very deeply before making choices, each choice you make has its own consequence so, make wise choices.
From this story, we learn that People who want to get everything all at once usually end up getting nothing in life.
English 1st: Graph & Chart
1. The choice of profession by different educated people/youth in Bangladesh
- Question: The graph below shows the choice of profession by differently educated people. Describe the graph in 150 words. You should highlight and summarize the information given in the graph:
Answer: The graph shows the choice of profession by different educated people. According to the graph, more than 80% of educated people choose Govt. job as their career. Business is liked by 10% educated people, farming is chosen by 4% people and only 6% people like intellectual work as their profession. Analyzing the graph, we see that most educated people’s choice is for govt. job. Again, the least number of people like intellectual work as a choice of their professional career. Compared to fanning and intellectual work more people like a business. Thus, we can say that farming is liked by more people than that of intellectual work. Again, business is liked by more people than that of farming. Again, Govt. job is liked by more people than that of business. Therefore, serially from lower to higher these professional careers are intellectual work, farming, business, and Govt. job.
2. The number of telephone and mobile users in Bangladesh
Question: The graph below shows ‘The number of Telephone and Mobile Users‘ from 2001 to 2014. Describe the graph in 150 words. You should highlight and summarize the information given in the graph.
Answer: The graph shows the number of telephone and mobile users from the year 2001 to 2014. At a glance, the graph shows that there has been a significant increasing trend of phone users over time. It is seen that in 2001, only 0.35 crore people used telephone and mobile phone. Two years later, that is, in 2003, the users increase to 0.60 crores. We notice a further increase in 2005 when the users turned to 0.90 crores. The increasing trend continues in later years. Thus in 2007, the users are 3.25 crore, in 2009 the users are 5.40 crore, in 2012 they are 7.25 crore, in 2014 they are 9.30 crore. The growth trend over the period is 0.25 crore, 0.30 crore, 2.35 crore, 2.15 crore, 1.85 crores, 2.05 crore. It is found that the highest growth (2.35) occurs between 2005 and 2007 and the lowest growth (0.25) occurs between 2001 and 2003. Thus, the graph shows a clear idea about the increasing trend of telephone and mobile users from the year 2001 to 2014.
3. People’s time spending on various activities
Question: Look at the following graph. It shows different types of pastime activities of the students of Bangladesh from 1990 to 2010. Now, describe the graph.
The graph shows different types of pastime activities of the students of Bangladesh from 1990 to 2010. The target people of the survey were the students of Bangladesh. But the sample size was not defined. There were three variables taken to measure the pastime activities of the students of Bangladesh. These variables include watching, games and sports and online programme. Watching, games and sports and online programme cover 40%, 50% and 10% respectively in 1990. According to the statistics, games and sports are preferred most by the students while on line programme is preferred least by them as per data of 1990. On the other hand, watching, games and sports and online programme cover 48%, 40% and 15% respectively in 2000. The scenario changes in the year 2000. Watching is preferred most by the students and online programme is preferred least by them in this year. In 2010, the three parameters show different percentages with changes compared to the year 2000. In this year, watching, games and sports and online programme cover 55%, 30% and 25% respectively. In this year too, watching is preferred most by the students and the least preferred pastime is online programme. The graph shows that watching as a pastime is becoming more popular than the other two pastimes. And the popularity of games and sports is declining while the popularity of online programme is increasing but at a slow pace.
4. The number of people in percentage living below poverty line
Question: The graph below shows the number of people in percentage, living below the poverty line” from 1995 to 2010. Describe the graph in 150 words. You should highlight and summarize the information given in the graph:
Answer: The graph shows the percentage of people living below the poverty line in a particular country from the year 1995 till 2010. The graph shows that 35.6% of people lived below the poverty line in 1995. In the next few years, poverty grows higher. The graph shows that nine years later, that is in 2004, the population below the poverty line is 45%. Therefore, over nine year’s poverty level rose 9.4% higher. However since the year 2004, the trend of poverty decreases. Within the next four years, the percentage of people living below poverty is decreased to 36.3% from its previous 45%, which means that within four years 8.7% of people come out of their poverty line. There is a further decreasing trend of poverty level after 2008. The graph shows that in 2010 the percentage of people living below the poverty line is decreased to 31.51% from its previous 36.3%. Therefore, from the graph, it is clear that more people go below the poverty level between the years 1995 and 2004. Again many people come out of the poverty level between the years 2004 and 2010. According to the graph 2004 is the year when the highest number of people (45%) lived below the poverty line while 2010 is the year when the lowest number of people (31.51%) people lived below the poverty line. Thus the graph provides a clear picture of the trends of rising or fall of people living below the poverty line from the year 1995 to 2010.
5. The sources of air pollution in a city
Question: The pie chart below shows the sources of air pollution in a city. Describe the chart in 150 words. You should highlight and summarize the information given in the chart.
Answer: The pie chart shows the pollutions of a city with five different sources. These are the vehicles, industries, power plants, heating or air conditioning and waste disposals. The chart shows that the highest level of pollution is caused by vehicles, and it covers 60% of the total pollution. The second rate of pollution is caused by industries which cover 17%, of the total pollution. The third sources are the power plants which covers 14% pollution. Heating or air conditioning sources also contribute to pollution which is 6% of the total. Next comes the pollution by waste disposal which is 3% of the total. From the chart, it also becomes clear that the rate of pollution is very close by industries (17%) and by power plants (14%). But the highest level of pollution is caused by vehicles. The lowest rate of pollution has been caused by waste disposal. It is also clear that the rate of pollution by heating and air conditioning is double the rate by waste disposal. The sources of pollutions chronologically from the lowest to the highest are waste disposal, heating, and air conditioning, power plants, industries, and vehicles.
6. Time allocation of different people on various activities (Not Important)
7. Showing information about four countries: Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India and China
Question: Look at the chart. It shows some information about some countries including Bangladesh. Now, describe the chart in your own words.
Answer: The chart presents some data regarding the land area, total population, the density of population, birth rate, death rate and populating growth rate of the four countries- Bangladesh, India, Srilanka, and China. The chart shows that China has the largest population which is 1.33 billion. India has the second position having a pollution of 1.15 billion. Bangladesh has the third position with 150 million and Sri Lanka has the lowest with only 20 million. China is also the largest considering land area. Here also India has the second position, Bangladesh has the third position and Sri Lanka has the last position. However, China has the least population growth rate among all. Inland area, Bangladesh is larger than Srilanka but smaller than India and China. The chart shows that among all the four countries Bangladesh has the highest density of population and China has the least. As regards death rate, Bangladesh has more death rate than Sri Lanka but less than China and India. Bangladesh has less growth rate than India, but higher birth rate than Srilanka and China.
